RabbitMQ是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，用来通过普通协议在完全不同的应用之间共享数据，RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言来编写的，并且RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的。

哪些大厂在用RabbitMQ，为什么

滴滴、美团、头条开源、性能优秀、稳定性保障提供可靠性消息投递模式(confim)、返回模式(return) 与SpringAMQP完美结合、API丰富集群模式丰富，表达式配置，HA模式，镜像队列模型保证数据不丢失的前提做到高可靠性、可用性

什么是AMQP高级消息队列协议

AMQP:Advance Message Queuing Protocol

AMQP翻译：高级消息队列协议

AMQP定义：是具有现代特征的二进制协议。是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级队列协议，是应用层协议的一个开放标准，为面向消息的中间件设计。

AMQP协议模型

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AMQP核心概念

Server:又称Broker,接受客户端的连接，实现AMQP实体服务

Connection:连接，应用程序与Broker的网络连接

Channel:网络信道，几乎所有的操作都在channel中进行，Channel是进行消息读写的通道。客户端可创建多个Channel，每个Channel代表一个会话任务。

Message:消息，服务器和应用程序之间传送的数据，由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行修饰，比如消息的优先级，延迟等高级特性；Body则就是消息体内容。

Virtual host:虚拟地址，用于进行逻辑隔离，最上层的消息路由。一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue,统一Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange和Queue

Exchange:交换机，接收消息，根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列

Binding:Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接，binding中可以包含routing key

Routing key:一个路由规则，虚拟机可用它来确定如何路由一个特定消息

Queue:也成为Mesage Queue,消息队列，保存并将它们转发给消费者

RabbitMQ的整体架构

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RabbitMQ消息是如何流转的

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RabbitMQ的安装与使用

官网地址：http://www.rabbitmq.com/ 提前准备：安装Linux必要依赖下载RabbitMQ必须安装包（简单RPM安装）配置文件修改 服务启动:rabbitmq-server start & 服务的停止:rabbitmqctl stop_app 管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management 访问:http://locahost:15672

准备： yum install build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz 下载： wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm 配置文件： vim /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app 比如修改密码、配置等等，例如：loopback_users 中的 <<"guest">>,只保留guest 服务启动和停止： 启动 rabbitmq-server start & (&表示后台启动) 停止 rabbitmqctl app_stop 默认插件列表: rabbitmq-plugins list 管理插件：rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management 访问地址：http://localost:15672/

rabbitmqctl --help 查询具体参数

快速入门-消息生产与消费

ConnectionFactory:获取连接工厂 Connection:一个连接 Channel:数据通信信道，可发送和接收消息 Queue:具体的消息存储队列 Producer&Consumer生产者和消费者

生产者代码

需要引入

<dependency> <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId> <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId> <version>3.6.5</version> </dependency>

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; /** * 生产者 * * @author niugang */ public class Producer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置 ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("localhost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 通过连接工厂创建连接 Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 通过connection创建一个Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 通过Channel发送数据 for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) { String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!"; //1 exchange 2 routingKey //exchange 为 空字符串 为走默认的exchange (AMQP default) 根据路由key 和消息队列 名称 是否匹完全匹配进行投递、 // 从控制台 Exchanges->(AMQP default) // The default exchange is implicitly bound to every queue, with a routing key equal to the queue name. It is not possible to explicitly bind to, or unbind from the default exchange. It also cannot be deleted. //默认交换被隐式地绑定到每个队列，路由键等于队列名称。无法显式绑定到默认交换器或从默认交换器取消绑定。它也不能被删除。 channel.basicPublish("", "test001", null, msg.getBytes()); } //5 记得要关闭相关的连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } }

消费者代码

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; /** * 消费者 * * @author niugang */ @Slf4j public class Consumer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置 ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("localhost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 通过连接工厂创建连接 Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 通过connection创建一个Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明（创建）一个队列 String queueName = "test001"; //exclusive 如果我们声明一个排他队列(仅限于此连接)，则为true。 channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null); //5 创建消费者 QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //6 设置Channel channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer); while (true) { //7 获取下一个消息,方法阻塞 Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery(); String msg = new String(delivery.getBody()); log.info("消费端: {}", msg); //封装一些发送参数 // Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope(); } } }

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Exchange交换机

Exchange接收消息，并根据路由键转发消息所绑定的队列

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交换机属性

Name:交换机名称

Type:交换器类型direct、topic、fanout、headers

Durability:是否需要持久化，true为持久化

Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange

Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为false

Arguments:扩展参数，用于扩展AMQP协议自制定化使用

Direct Exchange

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue

direct 直连模式 routing_key必须完全匹配

注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange:fefault Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作，消息传递，RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃

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生产者代码

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; /** * @author niugang */ public class Producer4DirectExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("localhost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 创建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange"; String routingKey = "test.direct"; //5 发送 String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Direct Exchange Message 111 ... "; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes()); } }

消费者代码

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery; /** * @author niugang */ public class Consumer4DirectExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("localhost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true); connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange"; String exchangeType = "direct"; String queueName = "test_direct_queue"; String routingKey = "test.direct"; //表示声明了一个交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null); //表示声明了一个队列 channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null); //创建一个绑定关系: channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); //循环获取消息 while(true){ //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞 Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String msg = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg); } } }

Topic Exchange

所有发送到Topic Exchange 的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey指定Topic的Queue上 Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定到一个Topic

注意：可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配

符号"#"匹配一个或多个词

符号"*"匹配不多不少一个词

例如“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”

例如“log.*“能够匹配到“log.error”

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生产者代码

/** * @author niugang */ public class Producer4TopicExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("localghost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 创建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange"; String routingKey1 = "user.save"; String routingKey2 = "user.update"; String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc"; //5 发送 String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ..."; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes()); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }

消费者代码

/** * @author niugang */ public class Consumer4TopicExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("localhost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true); connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange"; String exchangeType = "topic"; String queueName = "test_topic_queue"; //String routingKey = "user.*"; String routingKey = "user.#"; // 1 声明交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null); // 2 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null); // 3 创建交换机和队列的绑定关系: channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); //循环获取消息 while(true){ //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞 Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String msg = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg); } } }

Fanout Exchange

不处理路由键。只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上发送到交换器的消息都会被转发到与交换机绑定的所有队列上 Fanout交换机转发消息最快fanout类型的exchange不会和routing_key产生任何关系(不会走路由键)
生产者代码

/** * @author niugang */ public class Producer4FanoutExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("localhost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 创建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange"; //5 发送 for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) { String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ..."; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes()); } channel.close(); connection.close(); } }

消费者代码

/** * @author niugang */ public class Consumer4FanoutExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("localhost"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true); connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange"; String exchangeType = "fanout"; String queueName = "test_fanout_queue"; String routingKey = ""; //不设置路由键 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null); channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null); channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); //循环获取消息 while(true){ //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞 Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String msg = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg); } } }